A membrane, in physics, is a selective barrier that allows certain substances to pass while blocking others. These substances may include molecules, ions, or other small particles. Biological membranes include cell membranes, nuclear membranes surrounding the cell nucleus, as well as tissue membranes such as mucous and serous membranes. Synthetic membranes are man-made for use in laboratories and industry. (1)
In insulation, the most commonly encountered and well-known material referred to as “membrane” takes its name from this concept. A membrane is an insulation material used to prevent water penetration into or out of building surfaces that are in constant contact with water. One of the most widely used waterproofing methods in buildings is membrane application, which protects structures from the damaging effects of water.
However, there are important considerations when using membranes:
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Membrane rolls should be stored on a flat surface, preferably indoors, and always in an upright position.
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At the project planning stage, the climate conditions of the building site must be correctly analyzed.
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The groundwater conditions, foundation system, and waterproofing strategy should be clearly defined before construction begins.
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Concrete surfaces to be waterproofed should be finished with a wooden float, and all internal corners should be chamfered. Negative slopes should be avoided to prevent membrane damage.
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The most critical aspect of membrane application is the overlaps. Membranes must overlap by at least 10 cm at joints, and layers should be laid in a staggered pattern. All layers should be applied in the same direction, ensuring that overlaps align centrally with the layer below.
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The most appropriate equipment for installation is a five-burner torch. When the bitumen on the membrane melts under the flame, the roll should be slowly pressed forward using foot pressure. On exposed membranes, joints should be finished with a hot trowel. For mineral-coated (granulated) membranes, overlaps should be increased to 15 cm, and the mineral layer should be embedded or removed using a hot trowel during overlapping.
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At areas where installations pass through, flanges must be created. Otherwise, structural weaknesses will occur, making water leakage inevitable.